Resolving few-layer antimonene/graphene heterostructures

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) antimony (Sb, “antimonene”) is of interest in electronics and batteries. Sb however exhibits a large allotropic structural diversity, which also influenced by its support. Thus, heterostructure formation key 2D integration. Particularly, Sb/graphene interfaces are important. We thus study here few-layered heterostructures with atomic resolution (scanning) transmission electron microscopy. find two morphologies to coexist: first, morphology layered β-Sb β-Sb(001)||graphene(001) texture. Second, one-dimensional nanowires can be matched β-Sb[2-21]⊥graphene(001) closely related cubic Sb(001)||graphene(001). Importantly, both show rotational van-der-Waals epitaxy graphene. Both resilient against oxidation, although superficial Sb-oxide merits consideration, including epitaxial 2 O 3 (111)/β-Sb(001) heterostructures. Exact growth behavior depends on processing substrate properties including, notably, the support underneath Our work elucidates rich phase landscape